I attended the Minnesota NOW State Conference yesterday, where Dr. Jennifer Keil, Associate Professor of Management and Economics at Hamline University School of Business, and Patty Tanji, President of the Pay Equity Coalition of Minnesota gave a fabulous presentation on the status of women in our workforce.
Today, women earn 45 percent of all household income, and 8 million families rely solely on a woman’s income. It has been projected that women may soon outnumber men in the paid labor force due to continuing layoffs in male-dominated professions, such as construction and financial services.
We spoke at length about how women engaged in paid labor earn, on average, 79.3 percent of what men earn. Why, after more than 35 years with pay equity laws on the books, is this still happening?
One issue is job segregation. Only 38 percent of management positions are held by women, with most women clustered into low-wage occupations including admistrative/secretarial work, teaching, nursing, customer service, bookkeeping and child care. If we are to close the gap, we must start not only educating more women in science, math, technology, engineering, business and other male-dominated professions, we also must start to institute “comparable worth” of positions, acknowledging that many of the underpaid positions held by women are actually highly skilled and deserving of a more equal pay grade.
Another issue is salary negotiation. Dr. Keil explained how women in her undergraduate courses expect to make exactly as much as men expect to make during their first position after college, but that women expect to make $20,000 less than men expect five years after college, and $45,000 less 10 years after college. Not only do women expect less, many also believe they don’t know how to ask for more money; leading to a vicious circle continuing to support the economic dominance of men over women in our society, even among the highly qualified.
The most interesting issue for a radical feminist like me is the “opt-out revolution.” It has been suggested by Linda Hirshman, author of Get to Work, that feminism has failed on account of the large numbers of women who enter highly paid professions and leave to start their own businesses, work part-time from home or take care of their families instead.
Many women of Hirshman’s ilk bash women who choose to opt out of the corporate world, while many others fight for greater inclusion of women who are attempting to reenter the paid workforce following time spent caregiving within the home. The first perspective is useless and offensive – it’s not feminist to blame women for attempting to survive in a larger system that doesn’t support their full empowerment. Progress to come from the latter perspective is truly helpful – to the women who need more accommodating paths within their careers; to the businesses who will continue to miss more opportunities for the best-educated talent in a world where women now outnumber men in the accomplishment of undergraduate and graduate degrees; and to the society that requires accommodate of caregiving and paid labor force participation at once – regardless of gender.
These are all liberal feminist perspectives, scary to some, but fine and good for many. Let’s get a little more radical.
We live in a failed economic system that, for all the dialogue about Wall Street and regulation, says desperately little about its forceful subjugation of women. Many women would disagree; “It’s my choice,” they’ll say. These women shouldn’t be blamed, but the reality of the situation is that they are expected to take on caregiving responsibilities in ways men are not. Even if a woman is not going to engage in caregiving during her lifetime, it is assumed she will and many employers will discriminate against her for pay and promotion on the presumption that she might leave someday – based solely on her gender.
Women are laden with the majority of caregiving responsibilities and society doesn’t back them up. It’s time for society to back them the fuck up.
Women receive Social Security for time spent working in the paid labor force, but receive absolutely nothing during years spent caregiving – the time when they are providing the most service to the state. Without the work of women caregivers, society would fall apart. Social services would take on even more fiscal responsibility; early childhood education centers would be jammed; Medicare and Medicaid would be flooded with requests for additional assistance to the elderly.
What’s more, women live longer than men and have less in their retirement accounts and Social Security due to wage inequity, workforce segregation and time spent outside of the paid labor force to engage in caregiving. It’s no surprise the overwhelming majority of elderly women live in poverty.
Caregiving is work and should be considered part of the paid labor force. A true government of the people must immediately recognize time spent caregiving and compensate it fairly with Social Security.